Innovative Diagnosis and Therapeutic Modalities: Engineered Exosomes in Autoimmune Disease.

Autoimmune diseases refer to a group of conditions where the immune system produces an immune response against self-antigens, resulting in tissue damage. These diseases have profound impacts on the health of patients. In recent years, with the rapid development in the field of biomedicine, engineered exosomes have emerged as a noteworthy class of biogenic nanoparticles. By precisely manipulating the cargo and surface markers of exosomes, engineered exosomes have gained enhanced anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and tissue reparative abilities, providing new prospects for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Engineered exosomes not only facilitate the efficient delivery of bioactive molecules including nucleic acids, proteins, and cytokines, but also possess the capability to modulate immune cell functions, suppress inflammation, and restore immune homeostasis. This review mainly focuses on the applications of engineered exosomes in several typical autoimmune diseases. Additionally, this article comprehensively summarizes the current approaches for modification and engineering of exosomes and outlines their prospects in clinical applications. In conclusion, engineered exosomes, as an innovative therapeutic approach, hold promise for the management of autoimmune diseases. However, while significant progress has been made, further rigorous research is still needed to address the challenges that engineered exosomes may encounter in the therapeutic intervention process, in order to facilitate their successful translation into clinical practice and ultimately benefit a broader population of patients.

Advances of autoimmune rheumatic diseases related to malignant tumors.

BACKGROUND: Malignant neoplasms are a well-recognized global public health concern, with significant impacts on human health and quality of life. The interplay between tumors and autoimmune rheumatic diseases is complex, and the resulting tumor-associated rheumatic diseases represent a rare and intricate group of conditions that occur in the context of malignant tumors. In addition, various rheumatic diseases can arise as a consequence of oncology treatment. These diseases present with intricate clinical manifestations and pathological features, often rendering them challenging to diagnose and impacting patients' quality of life. Despite this, they have yet to be fully recognized. METHODS: This article presents a literature review of published original articles and review articles concerning paraneoplastic rheumatic syndromes and rheumatic diseases associated with cancer treatment. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases, excluding duplicated and irrelevant studies. In cases of duplicated research, we selected articles with higher impact factors for the review. RESULTS: This review focuses on the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of paraneoplastic rheumatic diseases, as well as the pathogenesis of these diseases. Additionally, we summarize the autoimmune rheumatic diseases associated with cancer treatment. Ultimately, the goal of this review is to enhance recognition and improve the management of autoimmune rheumatic diseases related to tumors.